The global shrimp aquaculture industry faces significant challenges in achieving sustainable nutrient delivery systems that maximize feed efficiency while minimizing environmental impact. Nano-encapsulation technology has emerged as a revolutionary approach to address these challenges by providing controlled release mechanisms, enhanced bioavailability, and targeted delivery of essential nutrients. This comprehensive review examines current nano-encapsulation techniques applied to shrimp farming, including polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, and chitosan-based delivery systems. We analyze the effectiveness of these technologies in improving feed conversion ratios, reducing nutrient leaching, and promoting sustainable aquaculture practices. The integration of nanotechnology in shrimp nutrition represents a paradigm shift toward precision aquaculture, offering unprecedented opportunities for sustainable intensification of shrimp production systems.